An RF surveyor requires an intricate understanding of the make up and propagation of the range of frequencies of electromagnetic energy from around 1 million herz (Mega-hz or Mhz) up to at least 40 giga-herz (Ghz) and higher to even 70Ghz micro-wave frequencies.
The subject of ElectroMagnetic Frequencies (EMF) requires a background knowledge of physics and especially mathematics as complex formulas are often needed to convert raw measurement data into internationally understood standards for specifying levels of signal amplitude and power / dosage levels.
The most common objectives that a traditional RF surveyor is required to do are 3-fold:
- measure the incoming signal levels at a specific site for a specific frequency range and the vectors.
- Calculate the incoming signal levels that might reach a specific site for a specific frequency range and the vectors.
- measure the transmit power of specific transmitter(s) at a site to ensure they are within regulatory limitations and also are not so powerful as to conflict with nearby transmitters in the region.
The biggest challenges involved in such measurements are the factors relating to how radio waves travel out from the transmitting antenna. Calculations must take into account the transmit power (watts) as well as the beam-width (degrees), the frequency (hz), it’s modulation, receiver antenna sensitivity, weather conditions and reflectivity of the radio waves from buildings, trees, hills etc.
In addition, a modern EMF/RF surveyor should also be proficient at measuring EMR (Electromagnetic radiation) dosage levels in various locations where residents may be living or working in order to determine if long term exposure levels from nearby transmitters may pose a hazard to health, according to various international standards where levels are given in milliVolts per meter (mV/m) or microWatts per square meter (mW/m2).
To carry out his tasks effectively, a surveyor is required to possess high-tech electronic equipment that is accurate and carefully calibrated. This includes a Spectrum-Analyzer and at least one antenna and usually a laptop to integrate the mass of input data and generate the vector or dosage reports.
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